The roman castrum was built in the 2nd century BC. During the reign of Emperor Augustus in the 1st century BC, it officially became a city and was part of the Roman colony of Colonia Iulia Parentium.
Emona or Aemona was a Roman castrum, located in the area where the navigable Nauportus River came closest to Castle Hill, serving the trade between the city’s settlers – colonists from the northern part of Roman Italy – and the rest of the empire.
Apulum, now within Alba Iulia, was a Roman settlement first mentioned by the mathematician, astrologer and geographer Ptolemy. Its name comes from the Dacian Apoulon.
Vienna was the capital of the Allobroges, a Gallic people, until it was conquered by the Romans in 47 BC. It became a Roman provincial capital, conveniently located on the Rhône, then a major communication route.
Colonia Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa was the capital and the largest city of Roman Dacia, later named Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa after the former Dacian capital, located some 40 km away. The city was destroyed by the Goths.